Two men were charged in connection with the alleged airliner bomb plot, Scotland Yard said.
Don Stewart Whyte, from High Wycombe, Bucks was charged with preparing acts of terrorism under the Terrorism Act 2006.
He is also charged with two counts of possessing a firearm and one of possessing a gun silencer.
Mohammed Usman Saddique was charged with preparing acts of terrorism under the Terrorism Act 2006.
Both men are due to appear at City of Westminster Magistrates Court on Thursday morning.
One man arrested in connection with the alleged airliner bomb plot has been released without charge.
The alleged plot was to smuggle improvised explosive devices on to passenger jets and assemble and detonate them on board.
The terrorism charge against both men alleges that between January 1 and August 10 2006 with the intention of committing acts of terrorism they were preparing to smuggle parts of improvised explosive devices on to aircraft and assemble and detonate them on board. The alleged offence is contrary to Section 5 (1) of the Terrorism Act 2006.
The firearms charges against Stewart Whyte allege that on August 9 he had in his possession a Baikal 8mm pistol, contrary to section 5 (1) of the Firearms Act 1968. He is also charged with possessing a magazine clip with 10 rounds of ammunition and possessing a black gun silencer without holding a firearms certificate, contrary to section 1 (1) of the Firearms Act 1968.
Police are continuing to question two other men still being held over the alleged plot after one man was released without charge.
